Pension noun
A sum of money paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or they have become ill:

They find it hard to live on their state pension.
He won't be able to draw (= receive) his pension until he's 65.

Income noun [C or U]
Money that is earned from doing work or received from investments:
Average incomes have risen by 4.5% over the past year.More help is needed for people on low incomes.

I haven't had much income from my stocks and shares this year.

Welfare state noun [C usually singular]
A system of taxation which allows the government of a country to provide social services such as health care, unemployment pay, etc. to people who need them

Personal allowance noun [C] UK SPECIALIZED
An amount of money that you can earn before you start to be taxed

Tax allowance noun [C usually singular]
The amount of income on which you do not have to pay tax

Sponsor verb [T]
To support a person, organization or activity by giving money, encouragement or other help:

The team is sponsored by JVC, so the players wear the letters JVC on their shirts.Eva said she was doing a ten-mile walk for charity and asked if I'd sponsor her for £1 a mile.

Sponsor noun [C]
All the major theatres now have sponsors, especially for high-cost productions.

Sponsorship noun
The orchestra receives £2 million a year in sponsorship from various companies.

Subsidy noun [C]
Money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourage it to happen:

The company received a substantial government subsidy.
The government is planning to abolish subsidies to farmers.

Capital investment noun [U] (ALSO capital expenditure)
Money which is spent on buildings and equipment to increase the effectiveness of a business

Cash noun
Money in the form of notes and coins, rather than cheques or credit cards:

Do you have any cash on you?
Will you pay by credit card or in cash?
He says he wants cash in advance before he'll do the job.
INFORMAL I'm a bit short of/strapped for cash (= I do not have much money) at the moment.

Change (MONEY) verb [T]
To get or give money in exchange for money, either because you want it in smaller units, or because you want the same value in foreign money:

Could you change a £10 note (for two fives), please?
Could you change a £5 note for me?
I need to change my dollars for/into English money.

Change
1 money which is coins rather than notes:
She gave me £5 in change.
My dad always used to carry a lot of loose/small change (= coins) in his pocket.
2 smaller units of money given in exchange for larger units of the same amount:
Have you got change for a twenty-dollar bill?
3 the money which is returned to someone who has paid for something which costs less than the amount that they gave:
I think you've given me the wrong change.

Currency (MONEY) [C or U]
The money that is used in a particular country at a particular time:
Foreign currency

Economic [after noun]
Relating to trade, industry and money:

The country has been in a very poor economic state ever since the decline of its two major industries.
The government's economic policies have led us into the worst recession for years

Economics noun [U]
The way in which trade, industry or money is organized, or the study of this:
Their ideas sound fine in principle but they haven't worked out the economics behind the policies.

She's in her third year of economics at York university.